Infection Control In The Child Care Center And Preschool

Question: Discuss about the Infection Control In The Child Care Center And Preschool? Answer: 1: The chest pain in a pediatric patient can arise due to more than a single reason, but cardiac reason is seen to be the major cause of chest pain. For evaluation and management of chest pain, at first assessment of past and family history is needed. Recent history of constitutional symptoms, respiratory symptoms, cardiac syndromes or history of GERD can be evaluated. Evaluation can be done by palpation, percussion, auscultation. According to the evaluation process, right management plan can be made through the follow up process. In some cases, chest x-ray and echocardiogram are the diagnostic tools which are recommended for a pediatric patient having chest pain. If the evaluation, signs and symptoms are indicating toward serious cardiac problem with angina, the patient can be referred to a specialist for further management of chest pain and other symptoms (Sutton, 2011). 2: Murmur and its differential diagnosis differ according to the age of a child. The aortic systolic murmur would have systolic ejection and heard over the aortic valve, it is common in older childhood, mammary artery souffle is rare in adolescence and would be diagnosed with high-pitched systolic murmur extended into diastole and would be detected along the anterior chest wall over breast. The peripheral pulmonary stenosis is common in less than 1-year-old patients which would be diagnosed with grade 1 or 2, low pitched and early to mid-systolic ejection murmur heard over axilla or back. Still murmur is seen in infancy to 2-6 years child, diagnosed with early systolic murmur, best heard at lower left sterna border, becomes louder during patients supine and decreases with standing position. Venous hum is seen in 3 to 8 years child and diagnosed as grade 1 to 6 continuous murmurs. It is best heard above low anterior neck, lateral to sternocleinomastoid. Electrocardiogram can be recomm ended for the patient with musical and localized murmur to understand the nature of the symptoms with still murmur characteristics (Tateno, 2011). 3: Abnormal bruising is bruising without any history of falls or injury and last for longer period. Abnormal or easy bruising is frequent breaking of small blood vessels under the skin. It results in leakage of blood in the surrounding tissues and thereby creating discolorations. The evaluation of the disease needs evaluation of family history, physical examination as well as laboratory investigations. There are a number of causes for abnormal bruising, some of which are inherited and others are systematic. Therefore, the diagnostic test would involve blood test and other physical examinations (Grossman, 2012). Sometimes, thrombocytopenia or leukemia, deficiency of coagulant proteins can cause related symptoms, Therefore, platelet count, coagulation profile including INR, PT and APTT, skin bleeding time, fibrogen assay, hemophilia screening, urine test, radiology investigation, bone marrow examination, plasma ascorbic acid level, home anemia test etc can be relevant. The indication f rom diagnostic studies showing the presence of acquired aplastic anemia, acquired prothrombin deficiency, acquired anti-FVIIIc syndrome, acute leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute biphenotypic leukemia, blood coagulation disorder, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, factor V, VII, VIII, IX or X deficiency or hemophilia would be significant concern of the physician (Prasad, 2012). Reference List Grossman, L. (2012). Infection Control In The Child Care Center And Preschool. New York: Demos Health. Prasad, P. (2012). Pocket Pediatrics. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health. Sutton, A. (2011). Cardiovascular disorders sourcebook. Detroit, Mich.: Omnigraphics. Tateno, M. (2011) A murmur of the heart. London: SAGE